El estudio sociológico de la ciencia y la religión en contexto
Palabras clave:
ciencia, religión, conocimiento, secularización, sociologiaResumen
Este articulo reflexiona sobre algunas cuestiones interdisciplinarias, históricas y filosóficas que es necesario considerar al realizar el estudio social de la ciencia y la religión en su contexto histórico, social y cultural. En primer lugar, se argumenta a favor del alejamiento del supuesto conflicto implicito entre ciencia y religión para abrazar una tesis de la complejidad que permita advertir los matices de la interacción entre estos dos conceptos como parte de la experiencia vivida de los individuos o de identidades sociales, grupales o culturales. Seguidamente, se señala la necesidad de una meta-reflexividad para hacer conscientes las limitaciones y los supuestos de las disciplinas de las ciencias sociales o humanidades que pueden distorsionar la comprensión de las actitudes del público hacia la ciencia y la religión. Por último, se advierten las restricciones de los métodos cuantitativos -que han dominado el estudio social de las relaciones entre ciencia y religión- para evidenciar la necesidad de modelos cualitativos, más contextuales, acerca de las posiciones de los individuos o de los grupos dentro de los contextos geopoliticos, culturales y sociales y que llevan a que las cuestiones cientificas actúen como un marcador de identidad en un espectro de públicos religiosos, espirituales, no religiosos y ateos.
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