Transformações nas cadeias globais de proteina animal. Um novo ponto de partida para politicas públicas
Palabras clave:
inovação radical, sistema agroalimentar global, Brasil, ChinaResumen
Este artigo defende que a inovação já se deslocou da agricultura para o alimento, liderada agora por atores sem compromisso com o sistema tradicional dos agronegócios, e motivados por preocupações globais de seguraní§a alimentar. O crescimento econí´mico inédito da China turbina atualmente a demanda global por proteina animal com o Brasil na posição de fornecedor principal. Embora, no momento a China esteja excepcionalmente dependente das exportações brasileiros ela busca diversificar as suas fontes e modificar também as suas práticas de consumo. Incluida nessas estratégias é o seu apoio para opções alternativas radicais í s proteinas animais. Concluimos que, muito embora as projeções oficiais apontem para uma continuação de uma demanda de longo prazo para formas tradicionais de proteina animal, e, portanto, também para o dinamismo continuado dos setores brasileiros de grãos/carnes, a combinação sistemática, por parte da China, de politicas para reduzir a sua dependência externa exige que o Brasil e os seus vizinhos no Conesul enfrentam a necessidade para politicas de reconversão mais radicais do que atualmente sendo implementadas.
ARK: http://id.caicyt.gov.ar/ark:/s25251635/wiq9waqddCitas
Aglietta, M. & Bai, G. (2013). China´s Development: Capitalism and Empire. Oxfordshire. Routledge.
Alles, K. (2021). China launches "clean plate" campaign against food waste. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-53761295
Arioch, D. (2021). Para Deputado PL que proibe o termo "carne vegetal" já deveria ter sido aprovado. Vegazeta. https://vegazeta.com.br/para-deputado-pl-que-proibe-termo-carne-vegetal-ja-deveria-ter-sido-aprovado/
Azevedo, D. (2021). Brazilian giants invest in alterative proteins. https://www.poultryworld.net/Meat/Articles/2021/5/Brazilian-giants-invest-in-alternative-proteins-741754E/
Beefpoint (2021). SEARA aposta no crescimento do mercado de proteina plant-based. https://www.beefpoint.com.br/seara-eleva-aposta-no-crescente-mercado-de-proteinas-plant-based/
Beek, v. ter (2020). China´s Pig Industry will rise like a Phoenix, PigProgress https://www.pigprogress.net/Health/Articles/2020/4/Chinas-pig-industry-will-rise-like-a-phoenix-560395E/
Blagojovic, K. (2021). Interview, Sky News. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pMqdbVLsMzk
Campbell, C. (2021). How China could change the world by taking meat off the menu, Time. https://time.com/5930095/china-plant-based-meat/
Chatzky, A. & McBride, J. (2023). China´s Massive Belt & Road Initiative. Council of Foreign Relations. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/chinas-massive-belt-and-road-initiative
Chen, V. (2020). Progress: Startup secures China´s largest cultivated meat investment yet, GFI/Asia Pacific. https://gfi-apac.org/progress-startup-secures-chinas-largest-cultivated-meat-investment-yet/
China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development (CCICED) (2016). China´s Role in Greening Global Value Chains. China Council for International Cooperation on Environment and Development, Beijing.
Chriki, S.; Hosquette, J-F. (2020). The Myth of Cultured Meat: a Review. Frontiers in Nutritio, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.00007
Conexão Planeta (2016). China laní§a campanha para reduzir em 50% o consumo de carne vermelha. https://conexaoplaneta.com.br/blog/china-lanca-campanha-para-reduzir-em-50-o-consumo-de-carne-vermelha/ .
Confederação Nacional da Agricultura (CAN) (2020). Projeto Biomas apresenta resultados das pesquisas do Cerrado. https://www.cnabrasil.org.br/noticias/projeto-biomas-apresenta-resultados-das-pesquisas-no-cerrado
Conrad, B. (2012). China in Copenhagen. Reconciling the Beijing Climate Revolution and the Copenhagen Climate Obstinacy. The China Quarterly, 210, 435-455 doi:10.1017/S0305741012000458.
Crosser, N. (2020). The GFI State of the Industry Reports show alternative proteins are poised to flourish post COVID19. Good Food Institute. https://gfi.org/blog/state-of-the-industry-2020/
De Maria, M. ; Robinson, E. J. Z. ; Kangile, J. R. ; Kadigi, R. ; Dreoni, I. ; Couto, M. ; Howai, N. ; Peci, J. ; Fiennes, S. (2020). Global Soybean Trade. The Geopolitics of a Bean. UK Research and Innovation Global Challenges Research Fund (UKRI GCRF) Trade, Development and the Environment Hub. https://doi.org/10.34892/7yn1-k494.
Dent. M. Cultured Meat 2021-2041. Technologies, Markets, Forecasts. https://www.idtechex.com/en/research-report/cultured-meat-2021-2041-technologies-markets-forecasts/815
Diaz, C. (2021). 3 Ways Singapore´s Urban Farms are Improving Food Security. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2021/04/singapore-urban-farms-food-security-2030/
Dolgin, E. (2020). Will cell-based meat ever be a dinner staple. Nature. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-03448-1
Donley, A. (2020). China proposes "soybean alliance" with Russia. World-grain.com https://www.world-grain.com/articles/14152-china-proposes-soybean-alliance-with-russia
Fassler, J. (2021). Lab-grown meat is supposed to be inevitable. The science tells a different story. The Counter. https://thecounter.org/lab-grown-cultivated-meat-cost-at-scale/
Fleischmann, I. (2020). A plant-based que "chegou-de-fininho a construir a categoria no Brasil: The New Buchers. Latin America Bussiness Stories. https://labsnews.com/pt-br/artigos/negocios/a-plant-based-que-chegou-de-fininho-e-quer-construir-a-categoria-no-brasil-the-new-butchers/
Fligstein, N. (2001). The Architecture of Markets: An Economic Sociology of Twenty-First-Century Capitalist Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Fonseca, M. (2021). Fazenda Futuro: Como A Startup Que Aposta Em Carne De Planta Para Superar Frigorificos Já Vale R$715 Milhíµes. InfoMoney. https://www.infomoney.com.br/Do-Zero-Ao-Topo/Fazenda-Futuro-Como-A-Startup-Que-Aposta-Em-Carne-De-Planta-Para-Superar-Frigorificos-Ja-Vale-R-715-Milhoes/
Glenn, E.; Yão, K.; Coghill, K. (2016). China loosens land transfer rules to spur larger more efficient firms. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-economy-landrights-idUSKBN12Y09F
Goodman, D.; Sorj, B.; Wilkinson, J. (1987). From Farming to Biotechnology. Hoboken: Blackwell Publishin.
Grant, T. (2021). Explorando a produção de café na China. Perfect Daily Grind. https://perfectdailygrind.com/pt/2021/05/03/explorando-a-producao-de-cafe-na-china/
Ho, S. (2021). AI powered Chilean Startup The Live Green Co launches plant-based ice-cream with 90 day R&D. Green Queen. https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/ai-powered-chilean-startup-the-live-green-co-launches-plant-based-ice-cream-with-90-day-rd/
Huang P. C. (2011). China’s new-age small farms and their vertical integration: agribusiness or co-ops?. Modern China, 37(2), 107–134. https://doi.org/10.1177/0097700410396476
Huling, R. (2021). Record US$3.1 billion invested in alternative proteins in 2020. APAC fastest growing region. Good Food Institute-Asia Pacific. https://www.gfi-apac.org/blog/record-3-1-billion-invested-in-alt-proteins-in-2020-apac-is-fastest-growing-region/
Humbird, D. (2021). Scale -up economics for cultured meat. Biotechnology Bioengineering. 118, 3239– 3250. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.27848
Innova (2021). Top 10 Trends of 2021. A Plant Forward Future. https://www.innovaflavors.com/blog/a-plant-forward-future
Kaplinsky, R.; Tijaja, J.; Terheggen, A. (2010). What happens when the Market shifts to China? The Gabon Timber and the Thai Cassava Value Chains. Policy Research Working Papers. World Bank.
Lewis, J. T & Trevisani, P. (2021, 6 de julio). Storing Carbon holds growing appeal for Brazil´s farmers. The Wall Street Journal. https://www.wsj.com/articles/storing-carbon-holds-growing-appeal-for-brazils-farmers-11625565600 .
Liao, Y et al. (2017). Past, Present a Future of Industry 4.0: a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal. International Journal of Production Research, 55 (12), 3609-3629, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1308576
Lyu, J. (2020). "Agriculture 5.0 in China: New Technology Frontiers and the Challenges to increase Productivity". En Jank, M.; Guo, P.; Miranda, S.H.G de (org.). China-Brazil: Partnership on Agriculture and Food Security. Piracicaba : ESALQ/USP. https://www.esalq.usp.br/biblioteca/content/livro-china-brazil-partnership-agriculture-and-food-security
Markets & Markets (2022). The Plant-based Meat Market. https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/plant-based-meat-market-44922705.html
Meyers, J. (2016). Cashing in on a new Thirst for Java. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20160628-yuan-more-coffee-chinas-lucrative-caffeine-craze
Min.news. How does Netease Weiyang, a veritable pig farm, play with "Internet + Pig Raising’? https://min.news/en/economy/f8bcb1ed90e42c0e738c160a09f3b153.html
Mol, A. & Carter, N. T. (2006). China´s Environmental Governance in Transition. Environmental Politics, 15 (2). https://doi.org/10.1080/09644010600562765
Monbiot, G. (2020, 8 de enero). Lab-grown food will soon destroy farming - and save the planet. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jan/08/lab-grown-food-destroy-farming-save-planet .
Patton, D. (2020). Flush with Cash Chines hog producer build the world´s largest pig farm. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-swinefever-muyuanfoods-change-s-idUSKBN28H0MU
Post, M. (2020). Scientific Sustainability and Regulatory Challenges of Cultured Meat. Nature Food, 1. 403-415 https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-020-0112-z
Quin Pollard, M. (2020). Chinese firms bet on plant-based meat as coronavirus fuels healthy eating trend. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-china-plant-based-idUSKBN2660EA.
Rethinkx (2019). Rethink Food and Agriculture 2020-2030. https://www.rethinkx.com/food-and-agriculture
Rogers, S. et al. (2021). Scaling up Agriculture? The Dynamics of Land Transfer in Inland China. World Development, 146. https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/wdevel/v146y2021ics0305750x21001789.html .
Selby, G. (2018). Lab-grown meat: One in three consumers ready to try, US shows greater willingness than UK. Food Ingrediens First. https://www.foodingredientsfirst.com/news/lab-grown-meat-one-in-three-consumers-ready-to-try-us-shows-greater-willingness-than-uk.html
Shapiro, P. (2018). Clean Meat, Simon & Schuster.
Sun, L.; Ye, Li Tão; Reed, M. (2020). The Impact of income growth on the quality structure improvement of imported food: evidence from China´s firm level data. China Agricultural Economic Review, 12 (4). https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/CAER-03-2019-0055/full/html
Surkes, S. (2017). China makes a massive investment in Israeli lab meat technology. The Times of Israel. https://www.timesofisrael.com/china-makes-massive-investment-in-israeli-lab-meat-technology/
The Luxury Conversation (2018). How to show China´s wine lovers a good time. https://www.scmp.com/magazines/style/travel-food/article/2164659/how-show-chinas-wine-lovers-good-time
Thompson, F. M. L. (1968). The Second Agricultural Revolution, 1815-1880. The Economic History Review 21 (1), 62-77. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1968.tb01002.x
Unfold. https://unfold.ag/company
United States Department of Agriculture Foreign Agriculural Service (2021). Market overview of plant-based meat alternative production in China. https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Market%20Overview%20of%20Plant-Based%20Meat%20Alternative%20Products%20in%20China_Beijing_China%20-%20Peoples%20Republic%20of_01-07-2021
Vegconomist (2020). Beyond Meat enters Brazilian market, expands further into China. https://vegconomist.com/food-and-beverage/beyond-meat-enters-brazilian-market-expands-further-into-china/
Wang, O. (2021). Chinese scientists hail breakthrough that could produce large quantities of animal feed from industrial gas and reduce dependence on soybean imports, South China Morning Post. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/science/article/3154359/chinese-scientists-hail-breakthrough-could-produce-large
Wilkinson, J. (2019). "O Setor Privado Lidera Inovação Radical no Sistema Agroalimentar desde a Produção até o Consumo". En Goulet, F.; Le Coq, J.F.; Sotomayor, O. (org). Politicas Públicas e Sistemas de Inovação Agropecuária em América Latina. Rio de Janeiro: E-Papers.
Willet, W. et al. (2019). Food in the Anthropocene: the EAT-Lancet Commission on healthy diets for a sustainable food system. Lancet Commissionss 393 (10.170), 447-492. https://www.ifpri.org/publication/food-anthropocene-eatlancet-commission-healthy-diets-sustainable-food-systems
Xiaosheng, G. (2018). "China´s Evolving Image in International Climate Negotiations", China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 4 (2), 213-239 https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S2377740018500112
Zayner, J. (2018). Cultured meat will not be realistic anytime soon: the numbers behind the hype. Medium. https://medium.com/@josiah.zayner/cultured-meat-will-not-be-realistic-anytime-soon-the-numbers-behind-the-hype-77b64d580996
Zhan, S. H., (2019). The Land Question in China: Agrarian Capitalism, Industrious Revolution, and East Asian Development. Oxfordshire Routledge.
Zhang, H. (2018). China´s "Rice Bowl": China and Global Food Security. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
